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CRC is the acronym for Cyclical Redundancy Checking.
It is a type of algorithm known as a "hash". A hash algorithm accepts variable-length input and produces a fixed-length output which uniquely represents the input data. The hash is usually much shorter in length than the data it represents. A sample CRC value for a file could be ADE50E9F. In theory, no other file should produce the same hash value. ViceVersa calculates the CRC value of one file and compares it to the CRC of the corresponding file in the other folder. If the CRCs differ, the files differ. The CRC algorithm is widely used in network protocols and compression programs.
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